Safety first: How to handle e-bike batteries correctly and minimize the risk of fire
E-bikes are experiencing a huge boom and are becoming a common part of transport and leisure activities. With their growing popularity, though, the important topic of safety opens up, specifically the correct handling of batteries. Modern e-bikes use lithium-ion batteries, which bring a number of advantages but can also pose a certain risk when used incorrectly. What should you know to prevent a fire when using your e-bike?
“Lithium-ion batteries are currently the best choice for powering e-bikes. In a small, light package they can store a large amount of energy, they have no memory effect and they don't mind interrupted charging. That's why they have become the standard not only in e-bikes but in a whole range of other devices,” explains Tomáš Jančárek from Bosch eBike Systems. At the same time, though, he points out that it is precisely the high energy density that carries potential risks: “In case of mechanical damage or improper handling, in an extreme case the battery can catch fire.”
Follow the rules of safe charging
The basis of safety is therefore correct handling of the battery. Users should follow a few basic rules. “You shouldn't let the battery discharge completely to zero, and before every charge it's good to check that it isn't damaged, for example after a fall or impact,” says Jančárek. It is also important to make sure the connectors aren't wet and not to leave the e-bike in direct sun for a long time.
Risk can also arise on contact with metal objects. Users should not store or charge the e-bike or the battery itself near loose metal objects such as keys, screws or tools.
The way of charging also plays a big role. Experts recommend charging the battery ideally during the day and while personally present. “Charging should take place under supervision. Before leaving home or before going to sleep, it is always safer to unplug the charger from the socket and from the e-bike,” adds Jančárek. If possible, it is advisable to remove the battery before transporting the e-bike and carry it separately inside the car. Washing the e-bike with pressurized water is not recommended.
Technological protection against catching fire
The quality of the battery itself also plays a key role in safety. “Reputable manufacturers invest enormous resources in the development and protection of batteries. We can compare it to the automotive industry. Just as with cars, there is a difference in the level of active and passive safety,” explains Jančárek. Modern batteries are equipped with a Battery Management System (BMS), which constantly monitors their condition and can immediately disconnect the system if a problem threatens.
Safety starts already at the manufacturing stage. Quality brands use highly automated production, where the individual cells are assembled by robots, which minimizes the risk of human error. Every battery also goes through demanding testing in laboratories. “We expose batteries to extreme temperatures, jets of pressurized water, mechanical load and drops onto hard surfaces. We carefully measure and evaluate everything so that we can keep increasing their safety,” describes Jančárek.
Risks arising from refurbishing
One of the biggest risks is unprofessional tampering with the battery, which refurbishing also represents. Refurbishing always means opening the battery. “When you see how complex the battery's construction is and how thoroughly it is tested, it is obvious that any unprofessional intervention poses a considerable risk. You never know who is doing the refurbishing and under what conditions,” warns Jančárek, adding that opening the battery can compromise its mechanical, thermal and electrical insulation or breach its protection against water ingress.
Experts appeal to users not to underestimate the basic rules. “Choose quality batteries from verified manufacturers, make sure to charge and handle them correctly, never open or refurbish batteries, and do not store them at home after the end of their life but always hand them in for recycling,” concludes Tomáš Jančárek from Bosch eBike Systems.
You can find more information about safe e-bike riding at www.ebikebezpecne.cz.
